Filtering is where you separate things. For example, I might try to separate solid particles from a liquid. If you make coffee using a filter you collect all the coffee grains in the filter paper while the liquid goes into your cup.
Filtering is the removal of an unwanted item. I guess you could filter the particles out of muddy water to produce a clear liquid – you maight do this in Chemistry. In my field of laser safety you may want to remove the wavelength (colour) of a laser beam from your vision to remove any dangers present from the laser. Electrically you might have a signal – of a known frequency – and by filtering out frequencies other thaan this you can reduce the noise in the signal…basically removing what you don’t want and leaving what you do want….
filtering just means separating out a solid part and a liquid part, so for example in chemistry we filter mixtures of solid chemicals and liquid ones to separate them
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